After decade-long fight, Cyprus recovers icons of apostles from the Antiphonitis church in Kalograia

by Christiana O'Connell-Schizas

Last week, on September 24th, four icons stolen almost four decades ago returned to the small yet culturally rich island of Cyprus. In March 1975, these 16th century icons of the Apostles Peter, Paul, John and Mark were removed from the wooden iconostasis of the Antiphonitis church in Kalograia, Cyprus. They were illicitly exported, found their way into an Armenian art dealer's hands, and were purchased by the Lans, an elderly Dutch couple. In 1995, the Lans decided to sell the icons through Christie's auction house, who became alarmed at the icon's suspicious origin and provenance and  suggested that the couple refer the icons to the Cypriot Authorities.

Aside from their estimated value of €200,000[1], the repatriation of these icons is significant for a number of reasons. Firstly, frescoes from the same church were returned to Cyprus in 1997 with the help of Michel van Rijn, an art dealer turned informant. He had purchased them off Aydin Dikman, the most renowned looter of Cypriot artifacts. Michel's continuing cooperation with Cypriot authorities led to what is estimated to be the largest haul of stolen art since World War II - the raid on Aydin Dikman's three Munich apartments. Police estimated all the antiquities found were worth more than $60 million.[2] Cypriot frescoes, mosaics, and icons, ancient coins, pre-Columbian pottery, stolen paintings, and an unauthenticated Picasso were found. Four thousand more pieces were discovered hidden in walls and floorboards.

Cyprus filed a civil suit against Dikman in 1997, but it was not until 2010 that the German courts ruled in favor of Cyprus. Dikman appealed, but the Higher Regional court of Munich upheld the decision for the repatriation of the items. The 173 artifacts were formally returned to the Republic of Cyprus in a special ceremony held in Munich in July this year (while many more are still being held by Bavarian police due to lack of evidence that they come from Northern Cyprus). Their arrival at the Byzantine Museum in Nicosia is eagerly anticipated later this month. Ironically, amongst these 173 artifacts are more frescoes from the church of Antiphonitis. This illustrates how the cultural property that was once looted from this single church is slowly getting pieced back together.

The return of these four icons is also important because the Church of Cyprus took the Lans to court, and lost! Autocefale Grieks-Orthodoxe Kerk te Cyprus v. W.O.A. Lans was the first ever case to invoke the Protocol to the Hague Convention 1954 (Section I-3 of the Protocol). The Dutch Government and district court refused restitution as this convention had not yet been implemented into Dutch law. They also found the Lans to be bona fide purchasers and therefore the rightful owners. The Church and the Republic continued fighting for the icons, but in 2002, the Court of Appeal found that the claim was time-barred under statutes of limitations. In 2007, the Netherlands passed the Cultural Property Originating From Occupied Territory Act which prohibits the import and ownership of cultural property originating from a territory that was occupied in an armed conflict after 1959. This reopened the door for Cyprus' claim as the North of Cyprus has been occupied by Turkish forces since 1974. (Although the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is in so called ‘power’ in the North, it is not a recognized entity and the area is de jure part of the Republic of Cyprus and its jurisdiction.) So in 2011, the Cypriot Minister of Foreign Affairs sent a letter to the Dutch formally requesting the return of the four icons. Some may argue that it is ridiculous for a country to be denied their cultural property for so long due to the bureaucracy of a country's national laws.

The rest as they say is history but it is noteworthy to mention that none of the above might have been possible without Tassoula Hadjitofi's ongoing efforts. She was the Honorary Council to the Netherlands when Christie's alerted the Lans in 1995 and the person van Rijn approached in 1997 which led to the Munich case. The icons will remain in the Byzantine Museum until the Republic of Cyprus regains access and administration of the occupied territories when the icons will be taken back to their rightful home, the church of Antiphonitis.

  

Bibliography

Autocefale Grieks-Orthodoxe Kerk te Cyprus v. W.O.A. Lans

"Επαναπατρίστηκαν 4 εικόνες από τη Μονή του Χριστού Αντιφωνητή."Επαναπατρίστηκαν 4 εικόνες από τη Μονή του Χριστού Αντιφωνητή. O Φιλελεύθερος, 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <http://www.philenews.com/el-gr/politismos-kypros/162/163434/epanapatristikan-4-eikones-apo-ti-moni-tou-christou-antifoniti>.

"Επαναπατρίζονται στην Κύπρο σημαντικά εκκλησιαστικά έργα τέχνης." H KAΘHMEPINH. N.p., 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <http://www.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathremote_1_24/09/2013_519959>.

Hickley, Catherine. "Looted Icons Seized by Dutch Government Return to Cyprus."Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-17/looted-icons-seized-by-dutch-government-return-to-cyprus.html>.

Matyk, Stephen, ‘The Restitution of Cultural Objects and the Question of Giving Direct Effect to the Protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1954’ (2000) 9(2)

Rose, Mark. "Special Report: Church Treasures of Cyprus - Archaeology Magazine Archive." Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America, 51(4). July-Aug. 1998. Web. <http://archive.archaeology.org/9807/etc/special.html>. (last accessed 29 Sept 2013)

Stevenson, Peter. "Returned Icons given a New Home." Cyprus Mail. N.p., 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <http://cyprus-mail.com/2013/09/24/returned-icons-given-a-new-home/>.

"Stolen Icons Being Returned to Cyprus." Cyprus Mail. N.p., 18 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <http://cyprus-mail.com/2013/09/18/stolen-icons-returned-to-cyprus/>.

---

[1] Hickley, Catherine. "Looted Icons Seized by Dutch Government Return to Cyprus."Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013.
<http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-17/looted-icons-seized-by-dutch-government-return-to-cyprus.html>

[2] Rose, Mark. "Special Report: Church Treasures of Cyprus - Archaeology Magazine Archive." Archeology. Archaeological Institute of America, 51(4). July-Aug. 1998. Web. 29 Sept. 2013
<http://archive.archaeology.org/9807/etc/special.html> 

by Christiana O'Connell-Schizas

Last week, on September 24th, four icons stolen almost four decades ago returned to the small yet culturally rich island of Cyprus. In March 1975, these 16th century icons of the Apostles Peter, Paul, John and Mark were removed from the wooden iconostasis of the Antiphonitis church in Kalograia, Cyprus. They were illicitly exported, found their way into an Armenian art dealer's hands, and were purchased by the Lans, an elderly Dutch couple. In 1995, the Lans decided to sell the icons through Christie's auction house, who became alarmed at the icon's suspicious origin and provenance and  suggested that the couple refer the icons to the Cypriot Authorities.

Aside from their estimated value of €200,000[1], the repatriation of these icons is significant for a number of reasons. Firstly, frescoes from the same church were returned to Cyprus in 1997 with the help of Michel van Rijn, an art dealer turned informant. He had purchased them off Aydin Dikman, the most renowned looter of Cypriot artifacts. Michel's continuing cooperation with Cypriot authorities led to what is estimated to be the largest haul of stolen art since World War II - the raid on Aydin Dikman's three Munich apartments. Police estimated all the antiquities found were worth more than $60 million.[2] Cypriot frescoes, mosaics, and icons, ancient coins, pre-Columbian pottery, stolen paintings, and an unauthenticated Picasso were found. Four thousand more pieces were discovered hidden in walls and floorboards.

Cyprus filed a civil suit against Dikman in 1997, but it was not until 2010 that the German courts ruled in favor of Cyprus. Dikman appealed, but the Higher Regional court of Munich upheld the decision for the repatriation of the items. The 173 artifacts were formally returned to the Republic of Cyprus in a special ceremony held in Munich in July this year (while many more are still being held by Bavarian police due to lack of evidence that they come from Northern Cyprus). Their arrival at the Byzantine Museum in Nicosia is eagerly anticipated later this month. Ironically, amongst these 173 artifacts are more frescoes from the church of Antiphonitis. This illustrates how the cultural property that was once looted from this single church is slowly getting pieced back together.

The return of these four icons is also important because the Church of Cyprus took the Lans to court, and lost! Autocefale Grieks-Orthodoxe Kerk te Cyprus v. W.O.A. Lans was the first ever case to invoke the Protocol to the Hague Convention 1954 (Section I-3 of the Protocol). The Dutch Government and district court refused restitution as this convention had not yet been implemented into Dutch law. They also found the Lans to be bona fide purchasers and therefore the rightful owners. The Church and the Republic continued fighting for the icons, but in 2002, the Court of Appeal found that the claim was time-barred under statutes of limitations. In 2007, the Netherlands passed the Cultural Property Originating From Occupied Territory Act which prohibits the import and ownership of cultural property originating from a territory that was occupied in an armed conflict after 1959. This reopened the door for Cyprus' claim as the North of Cyprus has been occupied by Turkish forces since 1974. (Although the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is in so called ‘power’ in the North, it is not a recognized entity and the area is de jure part of the Republic of Cyprus and its jurisdiction.) So in 2011, the Cypriot Minister of Foreign Affairs sent a letter to the Dutch formally requesting the return of the four icons. Some may argue that it is ridiculous for a country to be denied their cultural property for so long due to the bureaucracy of a country's national laws.

The rest as they say is history but it is noteworthy to mention that none of the above might have been possible without Tassoula Hadjitofi's ongoing efforts. She was the Honorary Council to the Netherlands when Christie's alerted the Lans in 1995 and the person van Rijn approached in 1997 which led to the Munich case. The icons will remain in the Byzantine Museum until the Republic of Cyprus regains access and administration of the occupied territories when the icons will be taken back to their rightful home, the church of Antiphonitis.

  

Bibliography

Autocefale Grieks-Orthodoxe Kerk te Cyprus v. W.O.A. Lans

"Επαναπατρίστηκαν 4 εικόνες από τη Μονή του Χριστού Αντιφωνητή."Επαναπατρίστηκαν 4 εικόνες από τη Μονή του Χριστού Αντιφωνητή. O Φιλελεύθερος, 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <http://www.philenews.com/el-gr/politismos-kypros/162/163434/epanapatristikan-4-eikones-apo-ti-moni-tou-christou-antifoniti>.

"Επαναπατρίζονται στην Κύπρο σημαντικά εκκλησιαστικά έργα τέχνης." H KAΘHMEPINH. N.p., 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <http://www.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathremote_1_24/09/2013_519959>.

Hickley, Catherine. "Looted Icons Seized by Dutch Government Return to Cyprus."Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-17/looted-icons-seized-by-dutch-government-return-to-cyprus.html>.

Matyk, Stephen, ‘The Restitution of Cultural Objects and the Question of Giving Direct Effect to the Protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1954’ (2000) 9(2)

Rose, Mark. "Special Report: Church Treasures of Cyprus - Archaeology Magazine Archive." Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America, 51(4). July-Aug. 1998. Web. <http://archive.archaeology.org/9807/etc/special.html>. (last accessed 29 Sept 2013)

Stevenson, Peter. "Returned Icons given a New Home." Cyprus Mail. N.p., 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <http://cyprus-mail.com/2013/09/24/returned-icons-given-a-new-home/>.

"Stolen Icons Being Returned to Cyprus." Cyprus Mail. N.p., 18 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. <http://cyprus-mail.com/2013/09/18/stolen-icons-returned-to-cyprus/>.

---

[1] Hickley, Catherine. "Looted Icons Seized by Dutch Government Return to Cyprus."Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013.
<http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-17/looted-icons-seized-by-dutch-government-return-to-cyprus.html>

[2] Rose, Mark. "Special Report: Church Treasures of Cyprus - Archaeology Magazine Archive." Archeology. Archaeological Institute of America, 51(4). July-Aug. 1998. Web. 29 Sept. 2013
<http://archive.archaeology.org/9807/etc/special.html> 

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Seen/Scene: Dead Ingenuity @ Dysfunctional Grace

Dysfunctional Grace [Link] puts on what they call a "Dead Ingenuity". I found these pictures in the Lost Files of the Summer of 2013 of the one before the recent one of Sept 28....

The tables are full of boxes of small bones, skulls, wire glue and everything one needs to make their own creations. The  atmosphere at these events is similar to that of a quilting bee in Kansas. Friendly, homey, and down to earth. People chatter, assist each other, with Liz helping out as needed. There is almost an audible hum from the focused activity. Here are a few photos....

Armadillo?

Materials: Small bones.

Education

Really small bones.

It's a workshop and social event, Dead Ingenuity.

Congratulations to Dysfunctional Grace for putting together a successful, beautiful and pleasant event.

--- Luis

Dysfunctional Grace [Link] puts on what they call a "Dead Ingenuity". I found these pictures in the Lost Files of the Summer of 2013 of the one before the recent one of Sept 28....

The tables are full of boxes of small bones, skulls, wire glue and everything one needs to make their own creations. The  atmosphere at these events is similar to that of a quilting bee in Kansas. Friendly, homey, and down to earth. People chatter, assist each other, with Liz helping out as needed. There is almost an audible hum from the focused activity. Here are a few photos....

Armadillo?

Materials: Small bones.

Education

Really small bones.

It's a workshop and social event, Dead Ingenuity.

Congratulations to Dysfunctional Grace for putting together a successful, beautiful and pleasant event.

--- Luis

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A Tale of Two Cities named Saint Petersburg,

[From Arts Journal Does this sound familiar?

"St Petersburg’s contemporary art scene is at “a low point”, said Dmitri Ozerkov, the head of the State Hermitage Museum’s contemporary art department. Ozerkov was speaking during a public discussion at the Hermitage Museum earlier this month. The decline, he said, “is connected to the fact that many have left for Moscow, or gone abroad, for various reasons that we won’t discuss now.” He also pointed to the lack of an art market in St Petersburg. “And then, of course,” he said, “it is very difficult for those artists who have remained, because, even if they are brilliant people they… often [they] don’t have any international contacts.”

For the rest, go here [Link].

[From Arts Journal Does this sound familiar?

"St Petersburg’s contemporary art scene is at “a low point”, said Dmitri Ozerkov, the head of the State Hermitage Museum’s contemporary art department. Ozerkov was speaking during a public discussion at the Hermitage Museum earlier this month. The decline, he said, “is connected to the fact that many have left for Moscow, or gone abroad, for various reasons that we won’t discuss now.” He also pointed to the lack of an art market in St Petersburg. “And then, of course,” he said, “it is very difficult for those artists who have remained, because, even if they are brilliant people they… often [they] don’t have any international contacts.”

For the rest, go here [Link].

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Government shutdown and the Attack on the Arts.

Subject: BREAKING: Govt Shuts Down the Arts

October is National Arts and Humanities Month and how does the federal government celebrate? By closing the doors of federally funded museums, parks, zoos and delaying the distribution of NEA grants that enrich our communities. Today is only a snapshot of what the 49% cut to the NEA could mean for our communities. As arts advocates, we cannot stand by and let this happen! In response, the Arts Action Fund is extending our petition to deliver even more names to Congress. We have a goal of 10,000 new signers by October 31st and we need your help to achieve it. Will you send our petition to 5 of your friends? The Arts Action Fund needs your support to make sure we not only bring a unified voice of petition signers to Capitol Hill, but also help elect a pro-arts Congress. By contributing to the Arts Action Fund PAC right now, you are helping to ensure we have a Congress that will not view the arts as an item on the chopping block. It only takes a few minutes to play your part in electing a pro-arts Congress. Together, we will keep the pressure on Congress to make sure the arts get the funding they deserve for 2014. Nina Ozlu Tunceli Executive Director P.S. Thanks in advance for considering donating to the Arts Action Fund PAC. We need your support today more than ever before!  Thank you, Mitzi Gordon at Articulate for sending this to us. --- Luis

Subject: BREAKING: Govt Shuts Down the Arts

October is National Arts and Humanities Month and how does the federal government celebrate? By closing the doors of federally funded museums, parks, zoos and delaying the distribution of NEA grants that enrich our communities. Today is only a snapshot of what the 49% cut to the NEA could mean for our communities. As arts advocates, we cannot stand by and let this happen! In response, the Arts Action Fund is extending our petition to deliver even more names to Congress. We have a goal of 10,000 new signers by October 31st and we need your help to achieve it. Will you send our petition to 5 of your friends? The Arts Action Fund needs your support to make sure we not only bring a unified voice of petition signers to Capitol Hill, but also help elect a pro-arts Congress. By contributing to the Arts Action Fund PAC right now, you are helping to ensure we have a Congress that will not view the arts as an item on the chopping block. It only takes a few minutes to play your part in electing a pro-arts Congress. Together, we will keep the pressure on Congress to make sure the arts get the funding they deserve for 2014. Nina Ozlu Tunceli Executive Director P.S. Thanks in advance for considering donating to the Arts Action Fund PAC. We need your support today more than ever before!  Thank you, Mitzi Gordon at Articulate for sending this to us. --- Luis

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Get my honey come back, sometimes

I would say that summer has been and gone but the weather over the last few days would make you think otherwise. Sunshine and wall-to-wall blue skies but know it won't last...rain is on its way.

Anyhow, it made me think about a photography project that was finished over the summer. I worked with the lovely folks at The Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew on the Grow Wild project on sites in both Edinburgh and Shotts (see blog here for the "beginnings" of this!) and although all kinds of things went against us - timing, weather, holidays - we managed to get some really nice images.

Think it is a really good idea to turn unused spaces into wild flower beds. My dad did it this year and ended up with a beautiful collection of daisies, poppies, cornflowers and marigolds among others.

Perfect for bees to make our special Scottish Honey! - FIN

BLOG TITLE

Moby - Honey

Play (1998)

I would say that summer has been and gone but the weather over the last few days would make you think otherwise. Sunshine and wall-to-wall blue skies but know it won't last...rain is on its way.

Anyhow, it made me think about a photography project that was finished over the summer. I worked with the lovely folks at The Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew on the Grow Wild project on sites in both Edinburgh and Shotts (see blog here for the "beginnings" of this!) and although all kinds of things went against us - timing, weather, holidays - we managed to get some really nice images.

Think it is a really good idea to turn unused spaces into wild flower beds. My dad did it this year and ended up with a beautiful collection of daisies, poppies, cornflowers and marigolds among others.

Perfect for bees to make our special Scottish Honey! - FIN

BLOG TITLE

Moby - Honey

Play (1998)

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Tara Radosevich @ eve N odd Oct. 121th, 2013

[As received from eve N odd gallery]

eve-N-odd gallery will be welcoming local sweetheart, Tara Radosevich to do her first one woman show! 

October 12th

7-10 pm

eve-N-odd gallery

645 Central Ave. #11

St. Petersburg, FL 33701

evenoddgallery@gmail.com

727. 433. 4981

contact: Jennifer Kosharek

Tara Radosevich was born on March 6,1990 in Saint Petersburg, FL. A local artist, she has participated in group shows around the St. Pete and Tampa area. This will be her first solo exhibition. Her work is primarily paintings and drawings that focus' on animals as the subject matter. She also loves to dabble in other mediums as well such as photography. Currently she attends the University of South Florida and will earn her Bachelor's in Fine Arts this December.

Show Statement

My process is the expulsion of the subconscious in reaction to the external. Deriving from my infatuation with folklore, wildlife, and the supernatural. My internal emotions and reactions to my external experiences manifest themselves into animal imagery. The paintings themselves become allegorical narratives composited of Symbolism, Surrealism, and Realism. The animal is as is; an emotion, a portrait, a memorable experience, or invoke its own symbolic origins unto the viewer. I am in search of this unison between the human and the beast-the importance of what exactly that animal means to us as the human species; in our dreams and our fears.

 tara@tararadosevich.com

[I went by the gallery today Saturday, 10/5/2013. This show is already up]

________________________________________________________________

[As received from eve N odd gallery]

eve-N-odd gallery will be welcoming local sweetheart, Tara Radosevich to do her first one woman show! 

October 12th

7-10 pm

eve-N-odd gallery

645 Central Ave. #11

St. Petersburg, FL 33701

evenoddgallery@gmail.com

727. 433. 4981

contact: Jennifer Kosharek

Tara Radosevich was born on March 6,1990 in Saint Petersburg, FL. A local artist, she has participated in group shows around the St. Pete and Tampa area. This will be her first solo exhibition. Her work is primarily paintings and drawings that focus' on animals as the subject matter. She also loves to dabble in other mediums as well such as photography. Currently she attends the University of South Florida and will earn her Bachelor's in Fine Arts this December.

Show Statement

My process is the expulsion of the subconscious in reaction to the external. Deriving from my infatuation with folklore, wildlife, and the supernatural. My internal emotions and reactions to my external experiences manifest themselves into animal imagery. The paintings themselves become allegorical narratives composited of Symbolism, Surrealism, and Realism. The animal is as is; an emotion, a portrait, a memorable experience, or invoke its own symbolic origins unto the viewer. I am in search of this unison between the human and the beast-the importance of what exactly that animal means to us as the human species; in our dreams and our fears.

 tara@tararadosevich.com

[I went by the gallery today Saturday, 10/5/2013. This show is already up]

________________________________________________________________

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Donna Gordon: Falling on Purpose.

Donna Gordon Gallery & Studio

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE            ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA           October 1, 2013 DONNA GORDON GALLERY & STUDIO PRESENTS: Falling on Purpose ~ A group show. Opening reception October 12th 5:30-9:00pm Falling On Purpose : The act of drawing attention; the taking of risk; the willingness to fail and to be bruised; the courage to continue on. Donna Gordon Gallery is pleased to announce the opening of the fall show, Falling on Purpose. The show features the artwork of Cecilia Lueza, Mark Noll, Barbara Grazul Hubbard, Ann Sklar, Gaston Locklear and Wendy Durand. Gallery hours are Wednesday through Saturday noon-5, (9:00 second Saturday ArtWalk) and by appointment. For more information contact Donna Gordon at 727-827-2811 or donna@donnagordongallery.com www.donnagordongallery.com   E mail us for additional images or inquiries :  mailto:donna@donnagordongallery.com

Donna Gordon Gallery & Studio
625 Central Avenue
St. Petersburg, Fl 33701

 727-827-2811

www.donnagordongallery.com
donna@donnagordongallery.com

OPEN Wednesday through Saturday noon to 5:00pm and by appointment


mmmm

Donna Gordon Gallery & Studio

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE            ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA           October 1, 2013 DONNA GORDON GALLERY & STUDIO PRESENTS: Falling on Purpose ~ A group show. Opening reception October 12th 5:30-9:00pm Falling On Purpose : The act of drawing attention; the taking of risk; the willingness to fail and to be bruised; the courage to continue on. Donna Gordon Gallery is pleased to announce the opening of the fall show, Falling on Purpose. The show features the artwork of Cecilia Lueza, Mark Noll, Barbara Grazul Hubbard, Ann Sklar, Gaston Locklear and Wendy Durand. Gallery hours are Wednesday through Saturday noon-5, (9:00 second Saturday ArtWalk) and by appointment. For more information contact Donna Gordon at 727-827-2811 or donna@donnagordongallery.com www.donnagordongallery.com   E mail us for additional images or inquiries :  mailto:donna@donnagordongallery.com

Donna Gordon Gallery & Studio
625 Central Avenue
St. Petersburg, Fl 33701

 727-827-2811

www.donnagordongallery.com
donna@donnagordongallery.com

OPEN Wednesday through Saturday noon to 5:00pm and by appointment


mmmm

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